黑玛丽 (Poecilia sphenops)

科: Poeciliidae

黑玛丽，性情温和的杂食性鱼类，原生分布于中美洲（墨西哥至哥伦比亚），新手友好。

饲养参数

水温: 18–28 °C
pH: 7.5–8.2
GH 硬度: 11–30 dGH
成体体长: 5.2–7.5 cm
最小缸体: 75 L
水层: Upper; surface-oriented
饲养难度: 容易
性情: Peaceful
产地: 中美洲（墨西哥至哥伦比亚）

物种概述

Poecilia sphenops is a Poeciliidae from Central and North America. In the wild it prefers clear streams, rivers and still waters; in the aquarium it stays peaceful. Plan on 5.2–7.5 cm of adult fish at 18–28 °C. Related profiles: Poecilia reticulata, Poecilia latipinna, Poecilia wingei.

原生生境

栖息地: Clear streams, rivers and still waters
水流: Moderate flow
溶氧: Average oxygen needs

造景与硬件

底床: Dark fine gravel or sand
硬景观: Driftwood, water-worn stones and shelters that mimic the native biotope
水草: Dense floating plants for cover and security

性格食性与混养

群游性: Solitary, pairs or small groups
食性: Omnivore; quality prepared foods with variety
推荐混养: Amur False Gudgeon — Similar size and water needs
China-Bitterling — Similar size and water needs
Acanthorhodeus chankaensis — Similar size and water needs
避免混养: Large aggressive cichlids — Bullying and injury risk
Known fin nippers — Constant stress and fin damage

繁殖与备注

雌雄差异: Males are typically slimmer and more intensely colored; females fuller-bodied
繁殖方式: Livebearer; females give birth to free-swimming fry; condition with rich foods and simulate seasonal changes

常见问题

黑玛丽好养吗？

饲养难度：容易。Peaceful。

黑玛丽适合什么水温和水质？

保持 18–28 °C 并避免波动，pH 7.5–8.2、GH 11–30 dGH 即可。

黑玛丽能长多大，需要多大的缸？

成体约 5.2–7.5 cm，属Upper; surface-oriented鱼类，建议至少 75 L 缸体。

黑玛丽吃什么？

Omnivore; quality prepared foods with variety。每天两小餐比一顿大餐更利于状态。

黑玛丽能和其他鱼混养吗？

Peaceful。推荐混养：Amur False Gudgeon — Similar size and water needs, China-Bitterling — Similar size and water needs, Acanthorhodeus chankaensis — Similar size and water needs。避免与Large aggressive cichlids — Bullying and injury risk, Known fin nippers — Constant stress and fin damage同缸。

黑玛丽产自哪里？

原生于中美洲（墨西哥至哥伦比亚），栖息于Clear streams, rivers and still waters。Moderate flow，Average oxygen needs。

黑玛丽会跳缸吗？

无明显跳缸倾向，常规缸盖即可。

黑玛丽怎么繁殖？

人工环境下：Livebearer; females give birth to free-swimming fry; condition with rich foods and simulate seasonal changes。Males are typically slimmer and more intensely colored; females fuller-bodied。