吸血鬼虾 (Atya gabonensis)

科: Atyidae

吸血鬼虾是原产于西非急流的 Atya gabonensis，成体 8–13 cm，前足羽化成扇、在流水中滤食。需要强水流、高溶氧与 22–28 °C；性情温和、夜行，寿命可达 5 年以上。

饲养参数

水温: 22–28 °C
pH: 6.5–7.8
GH 硬度: 6–15 dGH
成体体长: 8–13 cm
最小缸体: 80 L
水层: Anchored in current, fan-feeding on outflow
饲养难度: 中等
性情: Very peaceful — entirely filter-feeding
产地: West Africa — fast rivers from Senegal to Congo

物种概述

Vampire Shrimp is the largest shrimp commonly kept in freshwater: Atya gabonensis, a brown filter feeder from the rapids of West and Central African rivers, named for the fang-like projections on its carapace and its nocturnal habits. What makes it unmistakable are the front legs, which open into fans of fine bristles — the shrimp anchors itself to a rock in the current and spreads these fans to strain drifting plankton, algae and detritus. Adults reach 8-13 cm, need an aquarium with real flow and excellent oxygenation at 22-28 °C, and appreciate a shady cave or crevice to hide in by day; under subdued blue evening light they emerge to fan the current. They are utterly peaceful, ignore fish and plants, and can live for five years or more. Feeding is easy: fine sinking powders, crushed algae wafers and the particles a mature filter already circulates. Avoid strong medications and copper, give them current and darkness, and a vampire shrimp becomes the quiet, prehistoric centerpiece of a river-themed tank.

原生生境

栖息地: Fast-flowing rivers where it filter-feeds on rocks
水流: Strong current — mandatory
溶氧: High oxygen

造景与硬件

底床: Sand or fine smooth gravel
硬景观: A cave plus tall stones facing the outflow
水草: Hardy plants tolerant of strong flow

性格食性与混养

群游性: Solitary or a pair, each with its own perch
食性: Filter feeder; needs powdered or fine suspended foods daily
推荐混养: Medium peaceful community fish — Too large to be eaten; ignores tankmates
African river fish (tetra, ctenopoma) — Shares the biotope theme
Large peaceful catfish — No conflicts at the bottom
避免混养: Copper-based medications — Lethal to all invertebrates
Dead zones without flow — Filter feeders suffocate in stagnant water
Boisterous fin-nippers — Constant harassment keeps it hidden

繁殖与备注

雌雄差异: Sexes look alike as adults; females grow larger and fuller-bodied.
繁殖方式: Almost never bred in home aquaria — the larvae are planktonic and drift to estuary water. Every specimen in the hobby is wild-caught, so choose tank-bred alternatives if sustainability matters to you, or keep one long-lived individual for years.

常见问题

吸血鬼虾有攻击性吗？

完全没有。它们是专职滤食者，不具备捕猎能力；沉重的螯用于在急流中锚定身体，而非打斗。对鱼、水草和任何大到无法威胁它的邻居都完全无视。

为什么我的吸血鬼虾总是躲藏？

三个常见原因：开阔处水流不足或遮蔽不够、栖息点光照过强、或刚到家夜行习性还没放松。给它一个阴凉洞穴、一个强流栖息点和昏暗的夜灯——多数个体会变得非常大胆。

怎么给吸血鬼虾喂食？

细沉性粉末或捣碎的藻类锭，每周两三次放在它栖息点上游的水流中，再加上过滤系统循环的一切。观察扇面张开——那就是摄食反应。沉底未食的残饵要清走。

吸血鬼虾需要多大的缸？

单只成虾 75 升以上即可养好，前提是水流强劲、缸底同时具备洞穴与暴露栖息点。群养则需要成比例更大的空间与更多取食点。

吸血鬼虾的寿命有多长？

家庭水族箱里有充分记录的五年以上，有玩家报告达十年。超长寿命是它性价比极高的原因之一——也是值得你为它规划好这个缸的理由。